Peer Pressure Essays (241 words) - Human Sexuality,

Peer Pressure What is peer pressure? Peer pressure can be described as a positive or negative reaction that occurs when one is influenced by certain people. Peer pressure is constantly surroIntroduction Research Question: How does sex in the media influence children and adolescents in the United States? How do they react to that? Sex is a very big subject for teens and even children. Being brought up in a world with television and radio, teens and children are exposed to a lot more than they should be at their age. I will be discussing the affect that the media has on teens and children in America and how they react to this. Whether they rebel against it, are afraid of it, or are drawn to it. Today it is very hard to find teens and even children who are virgins. Once while it was popular to be a virgin, now it is not. Children and teens that are virgins are sometimes made fun of, excluded, or even lie about their virginity just to fit in. I believe that the media is partly responsible for this. Wh en a child sees people on the television having sex, they want to go out and do the same thing. They don't understand what it is or how it affects you both mentally, sexually, physically, and most important spiritually. Sex is something that should be saved for marriage, although most people experience it before then. Human Sexuality

Creativity and Innovation essayEssay Writing Service

Creativity and Innovation essayEssay Writing Service Creativity and Innovation essay Creativity and Innovation essayAssignment 1 Brainstorming like an Idea FactoryAt the moment, the development of the contemporary technology opens wider opportunities for the successful business development. At this point, companies operating in the IT and high tech industry have particularly wide opportunities for the enhancement of their position in the market through the introduction of new technologies. At this point, it is possible to refer to the case of the APP Inc. the company operating in the IT industry that creates applications for multimedia and online use of multimedia. At this point, the brain storm factory will involve the work of the team of the APP Inc. on the new application of the company, APP that may be used to watch video online.We can create an APP, which can watch any kinds of video from number of major video website. Because there are many same video websites in China, users usually feel confused for searching a video from website one by one if they cannot fin d a video they are trying to watch. We make an assumption that we have this APP, it cannot only watch videos online independent without advertisements but also download video freely. It based on the existing product to innovate and improve. In fact, the creation of the APP has a considerable potential because, at the moment customers face the problem of the availabilityAt the same time, the creation of the new application requires the close cooperation between all team members to generate the idea and the concept of the new product. The idea factory should involve all team members working on the development and introduction of the new product. Inside the Idea Factory team members should come prepared to work together and interact effectively with each other.First of all, we can create a questionnaire for users to notice that whether they prefer this idea. Then, we complete the idea collection and start to work on it. Thirdly, we need to have a meeting to discuss what new and interes ting features we need to add. For instance, we can use six Thinking Hats to help us to look at an idea from different directions. Our team has six members, one plays the part of the White Hat, he is thinking about pay attention to the objective fact and data; one is the Black Hat, he is giving questions and issues about this idea; one acts the Green Hat, he is providing the creativity and imagination; one is the Blue Hat, he is controlling the entire process and adjusting the way of thinking; and two people is working on the issues record and make a summary. At last, we have a specific target and know what we should do at next step.The identification of goals and the elaboration of the plan of the development and introduction of the new product creates the ground for the further implementation of the prepared plan and the idea factory should help to implement the plan successfully. At this point, team members should contribute to identify effective strategies and policies to manage and control the implementation of the plan. The idea factory should be under the control of the manager responsible for the development and introduction of the idea factory operations. The control is essential to ensure that the team works on the project successfully respectively to the plan. If the manager conducting the research identifies possible problems and weaknesses in the implementation of the plan, then the manager should introduce changes into the initial plan to ensure that the plan will be implemented successfully and the idea factory will bring desirable outcomes.The result of the creation and functioning of the idea factory is clear and have to match goals of the development of the idea factory. After we determine the goal, we can start to create our idea into a real product. The creation of the real product is naturally accompanied by numerous challenges because the idea factory should ensure that the new product is designed accurately and realistically. Otherwise, t he introduction of the new product may raise the problem of the successful accomplishment of the entire project. In such a way, the idea factory plays an important part in the development and introduction of the new product because the idea factory helps to brainstorm ideas that can be useful for the project of the creation of the new product, identification of possible threats and challenges, and other important issues that may affect the introduction of the new product. At this point, the introduction of the new product is virtually impossible without the idea factory because idea comes first and only after that the company can introduce the product that can be more or less successful depending on the performance of the idea factory.In actuality, the idea factory is an important element of the development of the new approach to the successful introduction of the new product. The successful performance of the idea factory contributes to the overall success of the project, whereas t he failure of the idea factory to perform its functions properly results in numerous problems or even failure of the introduction of the new product.Creativity and Innovation essay part 2

What are advantages and disadvantages of arbitration in international Essay

What are advantages and disadvantages of arbitration in international law Discuss - Essay Example Out of the necessity to find a systematic way to resolve business problems alternative dispute resolution systems (ADR) gain tremendous popularity. The most common and utilized ADR is arbitration. This paper studies international arbitration law by analyzing how it works and providing examples of real life arbitration cases. It provides insight into the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing arbitration to resolve conflict in international business affairs. Arbitration is a relative new concept in the modern business world. One of the first cases in which arbitration was utilized in a business transaction in the 20th century occurred in 1943. In that year the New Your City Council Claims’ Manager Council appointed a committee to as an arbitration board to resolve to arbitrate certain automobile physical damage subrogation claims dispute that arose among the members of the council (Arbfile, 2002). Arbitration had been utilized previously to find peaceful resolutions to war conflicts and by diplomats to solve problems between nations. Contrary to common beliefs the roots of the utilization of arbitration were not planted in this century, they date back thousands of years. Alexander the Great utilized arbitration as a means to settle territorial disputes arriving from a peace treaty he had negotiated with the Southern States of Greece in 337 B.C. (Massey). Current and past history demonstrates that arbitration has always been a com monly utilized method to find resolution to problems involving countries and territories around the world. Arbitration cases in business disputes involve two parties with a problem in which neither of them whishes to take the case to court and are unable to resolve the problem themselves. In order to find a solution the parties decide to delegate the responsibility of finding a solution to a person or panel of people. The

Analyze the companys cost structure (e.g., variable vs. fixed costs, Essay

Analyze the companys cost structure (e.g., variable vs. fixed costs, manufacturing vs. non-manufacturing costs, direct vs. indirect costs, job costing or process costing, etc) for starbucks - Essay Example When allocating the rent of the Starbuck store rent it is advisable to divide the rent by the number of coffee bags sold (Maryanne, 109). Manufacturing and non manufacturing costs: Manufacturing costs are indirect factory related costs that are incurred during the manufacturing process. The cost of manufacturing overhead cost must be assigned to each unit produced so that inventory and cost of goods sold can be valued. For the case of Starbuck Company non manufacturing costs include direct material and direct labor. Again the non manufacturing costs represent manufacturer’s expenses that occur apart from the manufacturing function. These expenses are not product cost and are reported in a financial statement as expenses incurred. They include interest on business loan, marketing and advertising costs, taxes and salaries of the staffs (Maryanne, 110). Job costing and process costing: Job costing is a way of determining the cost to a company for each unit of item. This is done by taking each job as independent and how much each job cost to produce a number of units. This allows manager and executives to calculate the amount of profits made from each job. The Starbuck Company for each type of drink it delivers a certain price. This is an effective way of controlling the price of a product. Process costing is a process in which the company come up with long term statistics to know how the price keep on changing over time (Maryanne, 112). It also simplify record keeping hence allowing the company to when changes need to be made. Direct and Indirect Costs: Material, labor and other expenses which are directly or easily traceable to a product, service or job are known as direct costs. In the production of coffee, materials are purchased, wages are paid to workers and certain other expenses are incurred directly (Wiley & Sons, 34). All these take an active and direct part in the manufacture of a product and are, therefore, called direct

Air Pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Air Pollution - Research Paper Example Some developed countries have taken measures against the air pollution by making laws and policies and introducing green technologies. However, the rapid increase in industrialization has minimized the effect of these measures and millions of people are at risk by inhaling air containing harmful substances. Air pollution is a major problem in big industrial urban areas as compared to rural areas. Industrial, Vehicle and other types of smoke, CFCs and the greenhouse gasses are mixing up into the air that we inhale and the toxic substances in them act like slow poisons within our bodies (Gujrar, Molina and Ojha 1-14; Agarwal 1-6). We are focusing on the air pollution in general in first part of the paper and then specifically in United States. The top three greenest states and why are they called the green states will be discussed. Also the top three most polluted states and what are they doing to overcome the high level of pollutants in air will be discussed finally. Air pollution Acc ording to World Health Organization air pollution is â€Å"the contamination of the ecological system by any toxic chemical, physical or biological agent that alters the natural environment† (World Health Organization). ... Most common types of air pollutants are car emissions, chemical wastage from factories, dust, pollen, and mold spores. Pollutants can be classified into types: Primary pollutants and secondary pollutants. Primary Pollutants – are emissions discharged directly from a source. For example, volcanic eruptions or factory discharges (Gray). Secondary Pollutants- are formed as a consequence of reactions between primary pollutants and other substances found in the atmosphere for example Ozone that makes up smog (Gray). One of the most distinguishable characteristics of air pollutants is their transboundary nature that is they can travel to far and wide places away from their origins. The six major pollutants described by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are briefly discussed below (EPA; Gray): AIR POLLUTION IN UNITED STATES A study reports that more than 500,000 Americans die annually due to cardiopulmonary diseases caused by air pollution. In a recent economic study in Los Angel es Basin and San Joaquin valley of southern California it is shown that more than 3800 people face premature deaths annually (approx. 14 years earlier) because of the illegal amount of pollutants in the air. In 1948, Donora, Pennsylvania 20 died and more than 7000 were injured due to the worst ever smog disaster reported in U.S history (Peterman). The 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) requires EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the conventional air toxics such as: Ozone, Particulate matter, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur dioxide and Lead. Out of which Ozone and Particulates are the biggest and primary threats. The act also enables EPA to restrict the emissions from chemical plants, utilities and steel mills. Through this act, the

Compare the Effectiveness of Different Leadership Styles

Compare the Effectiveness of Different Leadership Styles Leadership is an important topic that will always attract attention due to its importance in shaping the fortunes of organizations around the world. Leadership is defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives (Yukl, 2010:26). This suggests that for effective leadership to take place there must be communication and understanding between the leader and his followers. The definition suggests that leadership is a two-way process that influences both individual and organizational performance (Mullins, 2010:373). Due to the complex and different nature of organizations, different frameworks and leadership theories have been developed to analyze approaches to leadership in the organizational setting. There are three main styles of leadership, which are the democratic style where the focus of power lies more with the group and not solely with the leader, the authoritarian style where the focus of power lies solely with the leader/manager and the laissez-faire style where the leader observes group member are working on their own (Mullins, 2010:381). The need for these three leadership styles may differ according to the situation. In dealing with an organization in crisis an authoritative style of leadership may be preferable. According to the contingency theories, there is no one particular leadership style for every situation. In the modern industrial organizations where innovation is key and employee involvement in organizational activities is important, the democratic style of leadership can be most effective. In this style of leadership the employees have a greater say in decision-making process and policy determination (Mullins, 2010:381). An evidence of this is the automobile industry; Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn was able to achieve results by focusing on sharing ideas with employees and getting feedback through communication. From the leadership and managerial framework there are various leadership and management approaches (Mullins, 2010:376). These approaches include the qualities traits approach, functional approach, situational approach, transactional, transformational approach or inspirational approach. These different approaches can be applied to different organizations because each organization has its own individual character, culture and identity (Mullins, 2010:78). The transactional leadership approach can be effective in organizations where operations are carried out according structured rules and principles. This leadership approach would fit as it is based on authority within bureaucratic structures of organizations (Mullins, 2010:391). This leadership approach to organization like banks or government bodies where the focus is mainly task oriented. References Centre of Management Research (2003) The Turnaround Specialist [online] available from [20th March, 2011] Laurie J. Mullins (2010). Management and Organisational Behaviour 9th edn. England: Pearson Education Limited. Yukl, G (2010). Leadership in Organisations, 7th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall Blog 2 Current leadership research and how it can help overcome resistance to change The leadership challenge model of Jimmy kouzes and Barry Posner can be used to address some of the issues of change in todays business environment. Kouzes and Posners leadership challenge model presents five practices of exemplary leadership; Model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act and encourage the heart. Model the way: In modeling the way leaders clarify the values that will guide, find their own voice to clearly articulate their values and set their own personal standard of excellence as an example for others to follow. Inspire a shared vision: leaders should dream of exciting possibilities by envisioning a bright future and fostering this same vision for all his followers. Challenge the process: leaders should look for innovative ways to improve or grow their organization by defying the status quo. Enable others to act: leaders should encourage collaboration and build teams based on trust. By doing that they make it possible for their employees to work better. Encourage the heart: leaders should recognize and honor the contribution of every follower/employee. This model can be used in used in handling situations where resistance to change occurs in organizations. An example of this where a manager exhibited some aspects of this five models was the TI automotive case study in unit 6. Tim Kuppler was tasked with improving the corporate culture and bottom line of the HVAC unit of TIs North American business. Kuppler found out the employees were unclear about their mission and ready to embrace change. Kuppler demonstrated the inspiring a shared vision aspect of the Kouzes and Posner model through unfreezing of the situation and a communicating with employee to have an understanding of the situation to make handles of the situation properly and propose a vision moving forward. Kuppler challenged the process through bringing innovative ways to implement change. He introduced involvement meetings and created business teams, which were not part of the companies practice before. This also demonstrate enabling others to act as it fostered collaboration and made it possible for the employees to good work. Kuppler finally refreezes the situation leaving the employees with an empowered corporate culture. References Kouzes, J. Posner, B. Z., (2008) The Leadership Challenge, 4th Edition, Jossey-Bass Moodle (2010) M005LON-Leading in a Changing World-1011JAN [online] available from [ 22nd March,2011] Blog 3 Key tensions in leadership The business environment is constantly changing; forces like globalization, increasing business competition and innovation are changing the landscape of the business world. These factors provide challenges and tensions that leaders/managers are expected to identify and handle through effective leadership and management. Globalization presents challenges for leadership; organizations now employ people from different cultural backgrounds with different values and beliefs. People perception of authority could vary according to their cultural background and experiences (Mullins, 2010:401). The level of power distance people accept varies and can be linked to their nationality, people from countries like china accept a high power distance while people from most European countries don not a high power distance. Leaders/ managers with a workforce comprising of people from these countries have be aware of that. The situational leadership approach can apply here where the leader bases his/style and behaviour according the situational forces. Tannenbaum and Schmidt suggested three main forces: Forces in the manager, forces in the subordinate and forces in the environment (Mullins, 2010:383). Leading virtual teams is also another challenge for leaders/managers where communication is through electronic sources (Mullins, 2010:834). The lack of face-to-face contact with members, geographical separation, time difference and cultural difference of team members makes leading virtual teams a challenging task. Leaders of theses teams require different range of skills. Position power has little or no effect in these leading virtual teams. Golemans leadership styles will style will work effectively which are the visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pace-setter and commanding. According to Goleman effective leaders rely on more than one leadership style (Goleman cited in Mullins, 2010:399). The leader of virtual teams with a combination of the styles will be effective. The leader can use the democratic style to foster interaction between through encouraging employee involvement, use the visionary style to create a long-term vision for the group and use the affiliative style to create harmony in the work group. In dealing with crisis management in organizations, where urgent action is needed to address the problem, an authoritarian leadership style might be preferable. According to Brennen an authoritarian style of leadership is suitable in situations of crisis or emergency where immediate action needs to be taken (Educational Administration and Supervision, nd). Goleman also stated that authoritative style might be over bearing at times, it can be effective (Goleman cited in Mullins, 2010:399). In order to effectively bring organizational change, it is important for a leader to understand factors that cause resistance to change in the individuals or the organization. This was seen in the TI automotive case study mentioned in my second blog. Tim Kuppler was able to implement the strategic change needed in the company after Identifying cause of resistance to change in the employees. The employees were hesitant to embrace the change process because other Managers tried to implement change but didnt succeed. References Moodle (2010) M005LON-Leading in a Changing World-1011 JAN [online] available from [ 22nd March,2011] Laurie J. Mullins (2010). Management and Organisational Behaviour 9th edn. England: Pearson Education Limited. Educational Administration and supervision (nd) Leadership styles [online] available from http://www.soencouragement.org/leadership-styles.htm [25th March 2011] Blog 4 Ethical issues of leadership and how leadership behavior and ethics impacts behavior and perception of followers Due to the influence powerful leaders can have on the fate of a company and lives of their followers there is a growing interest in the ethical aspects of leadership (Yulk, 2010:329). Declining public trust in business and public leaders is also fueling interest in the ethical aspects of leadership (Kouzes and Posner, 1993 cited in Yulk, 2010:329). Interest in ethical leadership is growing as leaders now face issues of corporate social responsibility (CSR). A leaders behavior toward corporate social responsibility can be a shareholder view. Leaders with this view influence their followers in order to maximize profits with in the boundaries of environmental law (Sternburg 1994). Leaders behavior has an impact on the behavior of his followers, Leaders can influence followers into crimes of obedience by making unethical practices appear to be legitimate (Beu Buckley, 2004; Hinrichs, 2007 cited in Yulk, 2010:329). Accordng to Yukl, ethical behavior of leaders can be determined by either situational influences or individual determinants. Situational influences factors like organizational culture or formal reward system can support ethical or unethical behavior by leaders. An example of this is the case of Enron, their reward system called the rank and yank prompted top executives and managers to engage in unethical practices to gain rewards or maintain employment. This behavior manifested down to their employees. My leadership goal and aspiration after completing my MBA program is to work in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria and become a leading player in the industry. To achieve this goal I have to improve my leadership capabilities and the MBA program is a platform for me to work on it. I received encouraging feedback for my peers though they were areas I need to work on to improve a leader. The feedback highlighted my leaderships as high emotional intelligence, self-confidence, good interpersonal skills and ability to adapt. These qualities will come in handy in the demanding oil industry. To improve as a leader I would have to adopt different leadership styles, as stated by Goleman that the most effective leaders rely on more than one style (Mullins, 2010:399). By having different styles I will be able to adapt to different situations and use the style that fits the situation best.

Iago’s Manipulation of Othello in Shakespeare’s Othello Essay -- Othel

Iago’s Manipulation of Othello in Shakespeare’s Othello Once a seed of suspicion or doubt is planted in a person’s mind, the noxious effect of jealousy is soon to ensue. Jealousy and suspicion are Othello’s flaws hubris throughout the play and foreshadow to the audience his imminent downfall. He believes what Iago tells him so strongly that he compromises his close relationship with his best friend and his love for his wife. Iago manipulates Othello through the use of extortion, literary techniques, and his keen judge of character. His syntax and diction are so simple yet so powerful because he uses the correct rhetorical questions and addresses Othello with respectful terms such as â€Å"my lord.† He allows Othello do most of the talking and the thinking; then begins to twist his mind usi...